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IRS No Longer Sending Paper Tax Forms

IRS No Longer Sending Paper Tax Forms They express the main things sure in life are passing and charges. That may be valid. Be that as it may, the manner in which you pay your charges is absolutely evolving. Key Takeaways The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) formally quit mailing yearly assessment form structures to singular citizens toward the finish of 2010.The IRS evaluated at the time that the change would, indeed, spare citizens over $10 million every year in printing, postage, and handling costs.Paper tax documents and guidelines can in any case be requested from the IRS or got up IRS help focuses or taking an interest post workplaces and open libraries.Electronic recording or â€Å"efiling† is presently the transcendent strategy for documenting expense forms, with more than 56 million citizens having arranged and efiled their government forms since the IRS quit mailing paper tax documents in 2011 The Internal Revenue Service reported that it will no longer mail out paper tax documents to Americans, powerful 2011. The move is intended to spare everyones most loved government organization a little money - about $10 million per year. With the proceeded with development in electronic documenting and to help diminish costs, the IRS will no longer mail paper charge bundles that normally show up in January of every year, the office said in a postcard sent to citizens. The IRS will set aside cash by not printing and mail the thick, 44-page parcel of data, charge tables and Form 1040s. On the off chance that you dont need to record electronically, here are your alternatives for getting paper tax documents: Sign onto IRS.gov, where you can download and print the most recent duty forms.Drop by your neighborhood IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center.Go to your nearby mail station or library on the off chance that they take an interest in the government charge items program.After Jan. 1, you can likewise dial the IRS cost free hotline and request that they mail you the desk work. The number is (800) 829-3676. The IRS has been urging citizens to record electronically for a considerable length of time. Around 96 million citizens recorded electronically in 2010, and another 20 million presented their structures to the IRS through expert assessment preparers, as per the office. By correlation, just about 11.5 million citizens who recorded paper tax documents had gotten them via the post office. Electronic Filing Now Dominates Figures discharged by the IRS in 2019 show that the agency’s 2011 choice to â€Å"go paperless† was an astute and well known one. As indicated by the IRS, the quantity of assessment forms that are recorded electronically-efiled-has developed each year since. Before the finish of May 2019, for instance, in excess of 127,939,000 million assessment forms for Tax Year 2018 had been efiled. Citizens who self-get ready and efile their own expense forms have kept on developing. In 2019 (for Tax Year 2018), more than 56,214,000 million citizens have arranged and efiled their government assessment forms themselves as of May 2019. Likewise, as of May 2019, more than 86,965,000 million citizens had gotten quicker government charge discounts by means of direct bank stores into financial balances through electronic bank moves (EBT). The normal expense discount got by direct store was $2,868. The choice to record government forms electronically has really been around for a long time. The act of efiling started in 1986 as a little test program in 1968, when just 5 assessment IRS-chose charge preparers from Cincinnati, Raleigh Durham, and Phoenix consented to take an interest. From that point forward, efile has developed to get typical, serving a huge number of citizens consistently. Refreshed by Robert Longley

Book Adaptations Streaming Amazon, HBO Showtime Series

Book Adaptations Streaming Amazon, HBO Showtime Series Tis the season that for some means finally catching up on all the shows on your TBW list (no more needing to avoid spoilers!). For others it means watching anything to help you avoid socializing (why do people talk so much!). I already did 60 Bookish Films Streaming on Netflix but since Amazon, HBO and Showtime dont generally share streaming rights (they have their own service to make mula off of) I figured it was time for a list of book adaptations on Amazon Original Series, HBO GO and Showtime Anytime that you can watch to get you through the holidaysor read the books. Amazon Original Series Bosch, based on Michael Connelly’s Harry Bosch series, is about an LAPD detective on trial for the death of a suspected serial killer. Philip K. Dicks alternate history novel The Man in the High Castle imagines a different outcome for WW II. Oboist Blair Tindalls memoir, Mozart in the Jungle: Sex, Drugs, and Classical Music, inspired Mozart in the Jungleseason 2 coming in January 2016. HBO Well start with the obvious Game of Thrones which is a show that during the season you have to stay far away from social media (if you havent seen the episode yet) because its all people seem to talkand argueabout. Adapted from George R.R. Martins   A Song of Ice and Fire series. In the loosely based/inspired category comes the Martin Scorcese directed Boardwalk Empire (Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City by Nelson Johnson) about Atlantic City during prohibition. Good choice if youre looking for a show to binge that has already finished and has won shinny Emmys. Bored to Death, about a struggling writer working as a detective at night thanks to a Craigslist ad, is based on a short story published in McSweeney’s by Jonathan Ames (the shows creator). Always in need of a J.K. Rowling fix? HBO adapted a three part miniseries from The Casual Vacancyher first novel after HP ended set in an idyllic town that is apparently anything but. For the war buff, Band of Brothers tells the story of World War II paratroopers in a ten-part miniseries based on the book  Band of Brothers: E Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitlers Eagles Nest by  Stephen E. Ambrose. And in recent wars Generation Kill is a seven-part miniseries that takes you to the 2003 Iraq invasion based on Evan Wrigths same titled book. David McCulloughs Pulitzer Prize-winning John Adams was adapted into a seven-part miniseries with the same title. The Leftovers, following those left after 140 million people disappear (rapture?), is adapted from Tom Perrottas same titled novel. Kate Winslet stars in Mildred Pierce a five-part miniseries adapted from James M. Cains 1941 novel about a woman whose life is altered during the Great Depression. In The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency the awesome Precious Ramotswe opens the first detective agency by a womanhence the titlein Botswana. Adapted from the same titled book series by Alexander McCall Smith. Another Pulitzer Prize winning book turned into a miniseries is Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout. It stars Frances McDormand who plays a math teacher living with her husband and son in a New England town wrought with illicit affairs, crime and tragedy. Another war World War II miniseries is The Pacific which follows the real-life stories of 3 Marines that references 4 books as material for the show: Helmet for My Pillow by Robert Leckie; With the Old Breed by Eugene B. Sledge; Red Blood, Black Sand by Chuck Tatum; China Marine by Eugene B. Sledge. Based on Ford Madox Fords tetralogy (I really wanted to get to use that word) Parades End comes this five-part miniseries set at the beginning of World War I starring Benedict Cumberbatch. Show Me a Hero by Lisa Beklin was adapted to miniseries based on the real life 1960s Mayor Oscar Isaac over the battle to desegregate Yonkers. Sex and the Citymaybe you missed it when it first aired or you like revisiting Samantha, Carrie, Miranda and Charlotte. Or maybe you finally want to read Candace Bushnells collection of essays that its based on. The Sookie Stackhouse Novels by Charlaine Harris were the basis for True Blood the 2008 vampire hit series that ran for 7 seasons. Showtime Dexter, everyones favorite only-kills-bad-people serial killer, is based on Jeff Lindsays novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter. Veronica Mars Kristen Bell and Don Cheadle star in the series about management consultants willing to do anything to land a deal which is based on House of Lies: How Management Consultants Steal Your Watch and Then Tell You the Time by Martin Kihn. For some based-on-real-people entertainment Masters of Sex: The Life and Times of William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the Couple Who Taught America How to Love by Thomas Maier is the book the Michael Sheen and Lizzy Caplan starring series is based on. Penny Dreadful brings literary monsters to life in Victorian London giving you a lot of books to read if youre so inclined: The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde; Frankenstein by Mary Shelley; Dracula by Bram Stoker; and as the title suggests the Penny Dreadfuls (zine-type publications) that were popular in Victorian England. First there was the blog Diary of a London Call Girl by an anonymous call girl. Then anonymous got a book deal, Secret Diary of a Call Girl, under the pen name Belle de Jour. And now we have the show starring Billie Piper. Did I miss any? Any shows you love that you want to read the book it was adapted from?

Trusts and equitable relationships in utility to commerce. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2387 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Critical essay Did you like this example? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Trusts in a commercial setting require treatment that differs from that given to traditional trusts. Some modification is essential if trusts and equitable relationships are to be of utility to commerce.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Critically evaluate the above view, with reference to case law and literature on both the nature of a beneficiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest under a trust and on the nature of Quistclose trusts. Traditionally trusts were private family arrangements. Historically much of trusts law emerged out of the desire of settlors to preserve family wealth, tying up property so that it could be enjoyed by successive generations.[1] In the twentieth century however, trusts have been used more and more in a commercial setting to the point that it is estimated that less than 10 per cent of trust assets are comprised in family and charitable trusts.[2] Therefore, it is clear that the most important feature of the trust concept is as an instrument of commerce, with the key attributes of protection against insolvency, the protective regime of fiduciary trust law and the flexibility of provisions that can be inserted in trust instruments. The key to the efficient commercial use of trusts is the idea of the trust fund owned by the trustee but segregated from his own estate and thus protected from the claims of the trusteeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s creditors and available to satisfy the claims of the beneficiary.[3] In the commercial context the trust usually results from a contract rather than a gift meaning that often commercial trusts seem to straddle the line between the two systems of exchange, gifts and bargains which in the eyes of some commentators has blurred the line between trust law and contract law. Ruddenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s account of the orthodox trust as essentially a gift, projected on the plane of time and so subjected to a management regime,[4] does not fit for trusts in commercial settings. The commercial trust, by contrast does not effect a gift and often has financial benefits for the lendor. For example in Northern Developments Holdings Ltd[5], where the banks had an interest separate and distinct from that of the debtor in seeing that Kellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debts should be paid. There has been much controversy over the nature of a beneficiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest under a trust, based upon the difference between in personam rights against tr ustees and in rem rights against trust property[6]. In the commercial world, Goode suggests that it is upon the debtors insolvency that the distinction between ownership and a personal right to an asset becomes of crucial significance.[7] This mainly because it is a basic policy of insolvency law to respect proprietary rights held by another prior to the debtorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bankruptcy. So in a way, a finding of a trust can be a means of protecting an unsecured creditor because the estate available for distribution among the general body of creditors is limited to the debtorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own assets. Therefore the degree to which the law is willing to recognise rights as proprietary rather than merely personal is of great import to unsecured creditors, for every extension of the concept of ownership erodes the debtors estate. With the trust concept being expertly manipulated by lawyers to fit more and more commercial scenarios, it becomes increasingly unclear what the n ature of the beneficiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in equitable property rights are. The widely held understanding of the beneficiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest being a form of property ownership reflects the origins of the trust.[8] The trust of land provided the model, it is this paradigm of the trust which has subsequently influenced the way in which rights under trusts have been conceptualised.[9] It is often assumed that the existence of a legal estate vested in a trustee necessarily means that the beneficiary has a proprietary interest in it. This view was demonstrated by Lord Browne-Wilkinson, in Westdeutsche, who stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Once a trust is establishedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the beneficiary has in equity a proprietary interest in the trust property.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] To counter the argument that beneficiaries must have a proprietary interest in the trust, Parkinson argues that beneficiaries under discretionary trusts do not gain proprietary interests. In McPhai l v Doulton,[11] consideration was given to the validity of a discretionary trust in which the potential beneficiaries listed were numerous making it difficult to say that they had proprietary rights. The significance of this argument is that it challenges objections to decisions based upon the proprietary nature of the trust, and opens up the possibility of accepting developments in the law without complex attempts to reconcile these cases with pre-existing assumptions and definitions of the trust. Parkinson states that because trusts now arise in so many different contexts and features of the trust vary correspondingly, it is a futile exercise to try and find a definition of the trust which is both comprehensive and accurate. [12] McFarlane and Stevens argue that the beneficiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest is neither proprietary nor in personam but propose a new theses that equitable property rights are best understood as rights against rights.[13] They submit that by understan ding the beneficiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in this way, the trust can be accommodated within legal systems that have not experienced the productive paradox of two rival court systems.[14] The conventional view that an equitable property right is a right against a thing suggests that such rules cannot possibly be exported to those prosaic civil jurisdictions that do not share English lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s colourful history.[15] That perception is unfortunate in a jurisdiction where the courts of common law and equity have long been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fusedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, let alone in a world where the law is increasingly harmonised. Fortunately, as far as equitable property rights are concerned, that perception can be resisted as they depend not on the tradition of equity but rather upon the exportable concept of rights against rights. One example of how the traditional view of a trust has been modified to make it applicable in the commercial setting is Quistclose trusts. A Quistclose trust is a trust which arises where a creditor has lent money to a debtor for a particular purpose. The trust is formed in the creditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s favour but is defeasible by the exercise of the power vested in the debtor to apply the money to the specified purpose. The name and trust comes from the House of Lords decision in Quistclose, [16]although the underlying principles can be traced back further. One of the great difficulties with the Quistclose decision is reconciling it with the orthodox principles of trust law. It would seem that the Quistclose trust is given different treatment than traditional trusts. Quistclose trusts straddle the line between trusts and contract. This is evidenced by the fact that the rights which form the subject matter of the trust were transferred to Rolls Razor pursuant to a contract of a loan. This meant that Rolls Razor was contractually obliged to repay the amount it received to Quistclose from the moment of receipt. So even if there was no trust found, Rolls Razor would still have to repay the value; the liability did not arise purely on rights transferred on trust. Therefore the consequence of finding a trust meant that the lender neither bore the risk of the destruction of the subject-matter of the trust (as would a normal trust-beneficiary) nor the risk of the borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s insolvency (as would a normal lender). A number of commentators such as Birks and Chambers take the view that the debt only arises at the moment of application of the money to the purpose for which it was lent or failure of the purpose. This would solve the problem of the double benefit in favour of the lender, although Swadling disputes this as he states that this does not square with the facts as the contract of the loan held no such provision.[17] Also the fact that the lender imposed no obligation on the borrower to keep the funds separate from its own assets suggested that the money was not in fact hel d on trust but became a part of the borrowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s estate. Although the presence of such a requirement is not necessary to determine whether or not there was intention to create a trust, its absence is a good indicator that the funds were to be held absolutely by their recipient. In Henry v Hammond, it was said by Channell J that if the recipient is not bound to keep the money separate but is entitled to mix it with his own money and deal with it as he pleases then, he is not a trustee of the money but merely a debtor.[18] Another feature of the Quistclose decision which puts it at odds with the orthodox view of trusts is that a trust must have certainty of objects. There are grave difficulties in identifying the objects of the trust in Quistclose. It could not be the creditors for a number of reasons, the most prominent of which is that it would allow them to be paid twice over. For almost identical reasons it could not be the lender. Nor could it be the purpose bec ause the purpose was a private purpose and English law does not tolerate trusts for private purposes. It is on this basis that Swadling argues that no trust should have been found in Quistclose and the funds should have been held to be a part of Roll Razorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assets and treated accordingly. [19] This begs the question of why Quistclose trusts exist at all seeing as they seem to depart so from the orthodox principles of trust law. Quistclose trusts are often invoked by the lendor in place of conventional security, such as mortgages or charges, in order to protect against debtor default or debtor insolvency.[20] Bridge suggested two recurring features of Quistclose cases; the emergency aspect of the matter as well as sometimes the non-professional character of the arrangements.[21] The emergency aspect of the matter is important in a number of cases where speed is of the essence because the debtor has an immediate need for financial assistance in order to continue i n business. This is not always the case though, in Twinsectra Ltd v Yardley[22], on the facts there does not appear to have been any emergency but the parties still chose to resort to a Quistclose trust. The key point to be taken from this, that this is not an example of standard commercial practice but rather an unusual transaction. Quistclose trusts often contain within them an element of desperation; that is to say Quistclose is invoked by a claimant who wished to avoid being classified as an unsecured creditor and so maintains that he has a proprietary interest in the money that has been paid over to its recipient. Goldcorp[23] and Re Holiday Promotions (Europe) Ltd[24] are both examples of this. It has been submitted that the decision Quistclose is too uncertain in scope and basis, to be invoked by practitioners on a regular basis with any degree of confidence.[25] It is more likely to be used where time does not allow resort to more traditional forms of security or like in Carreras Rothmans[26], a transaction has got into difficulties and a Quistclose trust presents itself as the most obvious solution. It suffices to say that Quistclose does have a role to play in modern commercial practice, although it is difficult to determine the exact extent of that role. However, McKendrick argues that it appears to be principally a residual device, to be invoked where traditional forms of security are, for one reason or another, unavailable or unattractive.[27] Penner backs this view up by stating that in commercial transactions, the initial analytical impulse should be towards the contractual, at least in circumstances where the use of the trust device is not expressly intended.[28] Parkinson suggests that the Quistclose trust will come to be understood as an umbrella term for a variety of kinds of trusts concerned with limitations of an equitable character placed on the use of money by lenders and which do not always share the same structural characteris tics. [29] The existence of the Quistclose trust does not seem to conform to ordinary traditional trust rules shows that the courts are willing to treat trusts in a commercial setting differently. Conclusion Judicial statements have been made from time to time that equity has merely an unsettling effect when transplanted into the field of commercial law.[30] However it has been shown that trusts can have great use in the commercial sphere. Although wider application of the trust model may lead to some confusion over the irreducible core of the trust concept, in particular with regard to the beneficiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest, the practical potential commercial benefits namely; protection against insolvency, the protective regime of fiduciary trust law and the flexibility of provisions that can be provided by the trust instrument mean that use of trusts in a commercial setting should be encouraged. Even if this means they require treatment different from traditional trusts because they are often difficult to accommodate within existing principles or categories. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Trusts and equitable relationships in utility to commerce." essay for you Create order [1] Hayton and Mitchell, Commentary and cases on the law of Trusts and Equitable Remedies (2010) p.16 [2] ibid [3] ibid [4] Rudden B (as cited in Langbein J.H., The Secret Life of the Trust: The Trust as an Instrument of Commerce (1997)) [5] Northern Developments Holdings Ltd (1978) [6] Scott A.W., The Nature of the Rights of the Cestui que Trust (1917), 17 Col. L. Rev. 269, pp 269-283 [7] Goode R.M., Ownership and Obligation in Commercial Transactions (1987) LQR [8] Parkinson P, Reconceptualising the Express Trust, Cambridge Law Journal 2002, pp 657-683. [9] ibid [10] Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington Borough Council [1996] AC 669, 705 [11] McPhail v Doulton [1970] UKHL 1 [12] Parkinson P, (as n.8 above) [13] McFarlane and Stevens, The Nature of Equitable Property (2010) 4 Journal of Equity 1 [14] ibid [15] Hayton D, English Trusts and their Commercial Counterparts in Continental Europe (2002) [16] Barclays Bank Ltd v Q uistclose Investments Ltd (1968) UKHL 4 [17] Swadling W, Orthodoxy In: Swadling W, The Quistclose Trust (2004) [18] Henry v Hammond [1913] 2 K.B. 515, 521 [19] Swadling W (as n.17 above) [20] McKendrick E, Commerce In: Swadling W, The Quistclose Trust (2004) [21] Bridge M, The Quistclose Trust in a World of Secured Transactions (1992) OJLS 333, 345 [22] Twinsectra Ltd v Yardley (2002) UKHL 12 [23] Goldcorp [1995] 1 AC 74 [24] Re Holiday Promotions (Europe) Ltd [1996] 2 BCLC 618 [25] McKendrick E (as n.20 above) [26] Carreras Rothmans Ltd v Freeman Mathews Treasure Ltd [1985] 1 All ER 155 [27] McKendrick E (as n.20 above) [28] Penner J, Lord Milletà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Analysis, In: Swadling W, The Quistclose Trust (2004) [29] Parkinson P, (as n.8 above) [30]

The Super Pac - 940 Words

Today’s media and communication have enhanced the knowledge of petitions, government affairs, and the environment. Although mass communication and formal protests are powerful and sometimes must suffer the darker side of the situation, they are labeled as interest groups. There are important factors such as money, power, and connections that are questioned and accessed within these groups. PACS or Political Action Committees are involved. Yet, there is another form of PACs that are named â€Å"Super PACS† where unlimited funds are raised (We the People). The â€Å"Super Pac† strategy should be outlawed by the government so it will not abuse its devoted followers. The textbook, We the People defines a PAC as â€Å"private groups with that raise and†¦show more content†¦For example, some cons that are associated with the Super PACS are the abuse of power and abuse of integrity. The Authors, Ginsberg and et all mention this use of the PAC as a form of bribery. On page 262, the text reads â€Å"such support can easily the cross the threshold into outright bribery.† The speculation of this con support the abuse of power these super PACS might enforce upon its supporters in plain and blind sight. The outlawing of this tactic could benefit people against groups with vindictive interest. The people expect the United States government, specifically the law, to protect them, but this tactic is loop hole that prevents the latter. They are receiving currency legally as donations, again for â€Å"the elections not the elected†. If these people are donating their money for a cause they deem justified and favorable, what is the benef it? The question is subjective to the follower, and to the person that sees this as way of abusing the power of the government to extract funds of people from a higher socioeconomic status. In this situation, the groups that make use of the super PAC tactic would essentially be labeling people as ATMs. If the government were to outlaw this tactic, the people would be better protected. Furthermore, the text mentions this being in a way, justified by the first amendment. The name itself indicates agency or a group of people. The Constitution CenterShow MoreRelatedAgainst Super PACs Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesso-called Super PACs (Political Action Committees). These Super PACs are allowed to come up with independent financing for the presidential campaign, sans any budgetary ceilings. The inner workings of such a committee has left a bad taste in the mouths of the voters even though very little is known about the actual history and reasons for the existence of the Super PACS. This paper will delve into the committees history and the reasons behind the public outcry against the existence of Super PACs. ARead MoreUnited V. Fec : The Rise Of The Super Pac1049 Words   |  5 PagesCitizens United v. FEC Arthur, 1 Citizens United v. FEC: The Rise of the Super PAC Grayson Arthur Liberty High School AP Government 4A Citizens United v. FEC Arthur, 2 Citizens United v. FEC was a landmark court case that dealt with regulations on campaign financing from corporationsRead MoreThe Role Of Special Interest Groups And Super Pacs2174 Words   |  9 Pagesresulting in â€Å"power over† the people, rather than for the people. To support my claim of both powers becoming too threatening towards democracy and equality, the topics of re-election rates within congress, the role of special interest groups and super PACs regarding their own political influence, and the role of people power will be briefly examined as too how these three topics directly interfere, as well as threaten, both equality and democracy for the American people. A key issue within AmericaRead MoreSuper Pacs : The New Kind Of Committee That Operates Politically945 Words   |  4 PagesBrianna Goodman Proliferated in 2010, Super PACs have played an immensely influential role in the outcomes of elections and collective action. Super PACs are a new kind of committee that operates politically. As reported by opensecrets.org, Super PACs acquire any amount of donated money in a phenomenon that aggregates towards a fund â€Å"to advocate for or against political candidates and must report their donors to the Federal Election Commission on a monthly or quarterly basis†. They are not allowedRead MoreIs Voting The Only Way An Average American Can Vote Or Influence A Any Party?927 Words   |  4 Pagesshaped by Super PACS and Interest groups, and we see this all the time in the elections happening. A Super PAC is a political committee that is organized to raise money to support their candidate so they can pull ahead in the polls, and spend money to oppose the other candidates. An interest group supports a certain side on a topic and a candidate for a position in government would fin d it beneficial to appeal to interest groups in order to gain supporters. Interest groups and Super PACs has changedRead MoreThe United Vs Federal Election Commission1235 Words   |  5 Pagesas â€Å"Super PACs.† Super PACs are organizations that operate independently from any candidate or political party. These organizations are allowed to receive any amount of money from any person or organization, which they can they allot towards their own support of a political candidate. A good example of this would be Mitt Romney’s Super PAC entitled â€Å"Restore America,† which spent over twelve million dollars launching an ad campaign that attacked Newt Gingrich (MacMillen). These new Super PACs haveRead MoreGlobal Economy And The American Dream1286 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics it’s easy to see today, that world politics are in turmoil. Oil prices have sunk to record lows, putting regions in the Middle East, Russia, and South America in economic crisis. On t op of that the whole global economy is in a recession; pushing super powers such as the United States, China, and the European union to take action. All across the world the wealth gap is widening. It seems like for every new billionaire there are another million people in poverty dying of disease. Our one saving graveRead MoreThe New Electoral Environment After Citizens United Now897 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent campaign expenditures going toward election communications on behalf of candidates than in previous elections (Federal Election Commission, 2015). This new environment involves three primary entities for outside independent expenditures, Super PACs, traditional Political Action Committees, and political parties. Since the 1970s and the Supreme Court’s decision in Buckley vs. Valeo (1976), outside campaign expenditures have been allowed during elections. These expenditures were restrictedRead MoreThe Daily Show On The Congressional Record1258 Words   |  6 Pages2005, Feal created the â€Å"Feel Good Foundation† to help first responders and push Republican Congress to act. In 2010, 9 years after the attacks, the bill was stalled in the senate due to a republican filibuster. The democrats were unable to muster a super majority of 60 votes to pass the bill. Nine years after the attacks, national media-coverage was absent to address the held-up Zadroga bill. Feal received a call from Jon Stewart, whom he asked him to pick four Republicans, promising Feal that theRead MoreThe New Electoral Environment After Citizens United Now903 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent campaign expenditures going toward election communications on behalf of candidates than in previous elections (Feder al Election Commission, 2015). This new campaign environment includes three primary entities of outside spending: Super PACs, traditional Political Action Committees, and political parties. Since the 1970s and the Supreme Court’s decision in Buckley vs. Valeo (1976), outside campaign expenditures have been allowed during election periods. These expenditures, however

Markerting Concept Coca Cola Free Essays

string(46) " or regulation of food and drinking products\." This is assignment will require to explain the underlying principles behind the main marketing theories, it will also require an in-depth application, analysis and evaluation of a good or service that is currently available both in the UK market and in the international market. The Product that will be analyses within the assignment is The Coca Cola Company (CCC). [pic] â€Å"Business idea or philosophy based on the importance of profit, consumer satisfaction and the welfare of the general public. We will write a custom essay sample on Markerting Concept Coca Cola or any similar topic only for you Order Now † [5] Collin, P (1997) The Coca Cola Company is one the biggest successful soft drink company that offers 3,500 various diverse products to over 200 countries worldwide. The company originated in 1889 by pharmacist Dr John Pemberton. Dr Pemberton carried out a jug of Coca Cola syrup at his Jacob Pharmacy in Atlanta USA. [3] Marketing Mix Marketing mix can be defined as the combination of elements in an organisation’s offering the market; ‘offerings’ being either products or service. These elements were identified as Product, Price, Place and Promotion in early versions of the mix. As result, they are known as the Four Ps. [pic] [1] (2008). Portfolio. Product The marketing mix combines many factors, but consumers view marketing effort in more tangible terms of the product. It is important for marketers to recognise that much of the ‘want-satisfying’ nature of the product is derived from consumers perceptions. The true nature of the product is how the consumer perceives it, and not what the company would like it to be. CCC product first started in 1886, when they were originally made as soda fountain drink. The company has now expanded over to 3,500 diverse product (see picture above). They offer a wide range product form soft drinks to tea drinks to bottle water. The typical famous packaging of red and white CCC products is a world recognised. The coca cola company is the most sold soft drink across worldwide. Its not only sold business to business (b2b) such as sold in restaurants, pubs and convenience stores but also sold business to consumer (b2c) such as supermarkets, vending machines and other service shops. [3] Price Price is a potent element of the marketing mix because of its direct impact on customers, the company and the economy. To the consumer, price is a major indication of quality and an important factor in the decision making process. For CCC, the price at which the product is sold represents the means of recouping cost and making profit. There are various ways to price coca cola product, depending on the retailer. Supermarkets may put coca cola on promotion one week and then Pepsi the following, as they always like to stay one step ahead of their competition. It is a way to keep consumers on their toes. There is no set price for CCC, but usually the prices are based on growing rates. [8] p27 Place Place concerns activities need to move the product from the seller to the buyer and its origin is in the word ‘placement’. The coca cola company sell their various products over numerous countries worldwide. They have more brand products than Pepsi, Tango RC Cola put together. Although coca cola produces the product, they cannot be held responsible how the products are distributed across the countries. They can only rely on the suppliers following the strict guidelines set out by coca cola. [8] p31 Promotion Promotion is perhaps the element of the marketing mix that is most subject to variation. For some product it may play a minimal role, but, for other, marketing strategy may be almost entirely based on promotion. In consumer markets, promotion often has the highest budget allocation of all mix elements. For this reason it receives much attention as a marketing function. CCC promotional strategies are to make the consumers think they have control over what they are drinking and accomplishing there needs of thirst. On each bottle, coca cola encourages consumers to go to their website to learn more about hydration, sweeteners and taste. In order to boost consumer usage, CCC have taken their product to foreign markets and increased their profit margin. This was also done as they had home market competitors such as Pepsi, going international will make there brand more recognisable. CCC believes in forceful advertisements, branding and market segmentation has been a big accomplishment to CCC. Since the early 70’s they have always exposed themselves as fun, loving, playful brand to have an international appeal. [8] p29 In 1887 Coupon were first made to promote coca cola [pic] [2] (2012). 125 years of sharing happiness Customer Relationship Management CCC cannot succeed or grow unless they can serve their customers with a better value proposition than the competition. Measuring customer loyalty can accurately appraise the weakness in CCC proposition and help to formulate improvements. In fact, attempting to measure customer satisfaction and factoring research information on satisfaction studies into future marketing strategies is one of the fastest growing areas of marketing research. Customer care is fundamental to the concept in customer relationship management (CRM). High quality customer care is the key to achieving coca cola objective confronting all competitive firms trying to apply CRM principles, such as: ? Minimising customer turnover. Attracting new customers. ? Retaining customers over the long term. ? Improving profitability. ? Enhancing company image. ? Improving customer and employee satisfaction. With a strong CRM team, coco cola are still strong as ever, they evaluated every feedback they receive from their customers with shows they are always trying to meet the consumers needs by not only improving for the future but to keep up wi th the current trends. [8] p120-123 External Environmental Trading environment analysis requires CCC to look beyond its immediate market to its wider trading environment. One helpful abbreviation in analysing the trading environment is PEST. The initial letters stand for the Political, Economic, Social and Technological environment. The Political environment includes possible changes to law and regulation governing the markets in which coca cola is operating. Possible changes in government policy, such as new legislation or regulation of food and drinking products. You read "Markerting Concept Coca Cola" in category "Papers" Or even government involvement in labelling and advertisements. If all this was to be changed and affect coca cola, it will create more operating expense and reduce the profit margin. The Economic environment refers to trends in the world economy, and those in particular national market. CCC must be particularly to those that most affect its own business. As CCC is trading worldwide, the range of economic indicators, which it tracks, might include: ? Contracts with other soft drink industries. ? Maintain a Profitable investment in communities worldwide. ? The United Kingdom has recently experienced an economic recession. This period of negative growth includes higher unemployment, inflation, and cost of living expenses while consumers are experiencing lower disposable income and purchasing power. CCC has been very successful in helping other nations grow and become economically stable by investing millions of Pounds back into the countries in which they are operating. The Social Environment refers to trend in the structure of society and in behaviour and is the focus of much of what is called market research. CCC have developed numerous products to suit consumerâ €™s trends. For example, a lot of consumers are health conscious, so bringing out diet coke encouraged them to drink the brand. However, a lot of people saw the drink very girly so it soon was perceived as girls drink, as there’s no calories involved with the drink. Soon coca cola brought out Coke Zero, a similar drink but for men. It has now become one of the best selling drink worldwide. CCC are continuing to follow and keep updated with the product development and marketing for healthy choice obtainable. The Technological environment is that concerned with the use of raw materials, production processes and finished products, and particularly with innovation. Such as CCC is the soft drink industry; the development of a plastic material has reduced the use of glass bottle dramatically. CCC also have threats technological. For this, they implement more investments in their research department so they can progress monitoring of the sales, production and delivery process between themselves and other soft drink companies’. [7] p18-19 Purchase Decision There are three way of purchase decision for CCC: Straight re-purchase = this is the most frequent type of purchase. The consumer repeats – buys a CCC product purchased on previous occasion. This occurs most frequently in circumstances in which a consumer is loyal to a brand and is reluctant to try an alternative. Modified re-purchase = this occurs when a consumer needs to change their behaviour. This might be because the habitual brand is out-of-stock and a near substitute is selected; it might be prompted by the changed needs of the consumer; it might be promoted by the updating of an existing product; it might be prompted by promotional activity by a competing product. New purchase = this refers to that category of purchase, which is being made for the first time. Here promotion plays a key role in stimulating demand for products, notifying consumer of their availability, and in reassuring consumer about their purchase. 7] p57 Competitive Environment The competitive environment affects the commercial prosperity of a company. Many UK manufactures in industries like steel and textile have experience intense competition from foreign product. Management team must be alert to potential threats from cheaper import or substitute products and establish exactly who their competitors are and the bene fits they offer to the marketplace so they can compete more effectively. [8] p17 Two indicator of enormous importance to a management teams are market share and market growth. Market share is a term, which refers to the proportion of total sales for one product group, which is, enjoy by a particular brand. According to Stephen Page book to Induction to marketing CCC enjoyed 58 per cent share of the total sales of cola drink in the UK in 1992. According to Best Global Brand CCC is ranked number one, valued just over $71 Billion. Leaving their main competitors Pepsi ranked at number 22nd, only valued at $14 million. [6] Buyer Behaviour CCC needs to know when, where, how and why soft drinks are purchased. They need to know who is making the purchase and what factors influence those decisions. In particular, they examine buyer behaviour to look for patterns, which may give a clue to future behaviour, as well as explanation for the existence of those patterns. Buyer term refers not only to someone who is buying for own consumption, but also to anyone who buys on behalf of others. For example, it could be an adult of a household buying on behalf of a child. Buyer behaviour in business-to-business market is an area that has not been as well researched as consumer behaviour. First it is because these markets are often much smaller than consumer markets, and would not therefore justify the production of off-the-shelf data by commercial agencies. Hence not as much research has been undertaken. Secondly, industrial buying decision-maker has been more difficult to research and categories than consumer. However, interest is now growing in the subject. [7] p56 Market Segmentation Marketing segmentation is the analysis of total demand in a market into its constituent parts, so that different sets of consumers, with distinctive needs and behavior patterns, can be identified. Market segmentation is defined as: â€Å"The process of breaking down the total market for a product or service into distinct sub-group or segments, where each segment might represent a distinct target market to be reached with a distinctive marketing mix. † [8] Lancaster G Reynolds P (2002). Marketing made simple p38 To improve opportunities for success in a competitive marketplace, marketers must focus their efforts on clearly defines market targets. The intention is to select those groups of customers that the company is best able to serve so that competitive pressure is minimized. The advantages of CCC target marketing are: Marketing opportunities and ‘gaps’ in a market may be more accurately identified and appraised. ? Product and market appeals can be more finely tuned to the needs of the potential customer. ? Marketing effort can be focused on the market segments that offer the greatest potential for the company to achieve its objective. Previously in the 1960s, CCC made only one soft drink and proposed it at the entire soft drink market. But now CCC offers thousands of different products to market segments based on diverse consumer preferences for flavours and calorie and caffeine content. CCC offers established soft drinks. One can see the many dimensions of CCC product line and how specific the marketing mixes have to be to stay competitive among other businesses. [8] p39 Market Planning At one extreme are those that plan everything down to the smallest detail, and adhere rigidly to the plan document, even when it does not appear to be working, perhaps because the plan is based upon inaccurate information or incorrect assumption. In an ideal situation, the evolution of an organisation marketing strategy and tactics will be top-down, bottom-up process; that is, one, which involves staff at all, levels from director to office junior. It will be an integral part of the organisations operation, and not simply a panic reaction to a crisis. It will be flexible enough to permit immediately workable ideas to be put into practice, without waiting for the final plan to be drawn up. It should not be cast in tablets of stone; if circumstances change during implementation of the plan, then the plan must change to. [7] p232 International Marketing from Domestic Marketing Companies that only ten years ago might have identified their main competitor as major domestic rival are now just as likely to refer to an company in Europe, USA or the Far East. Some organization outgrew their home market years ago, and now make most of their money outside their original national boundaries, to that extent, Corporations like CCC have become almost stateless, owing no allegiance to any particular country: their markets are global. International marketing does not differ fundamentally from domestic marketing; the same principal are involved. It differs only in that overseas markets, being both further away and containing consumer from other cultures, pose a higher degree of risk than those of known markets. Successful entry into an overseas market thus requires even greater care and attention to planning. Ironically, most company enters oversea markets because they have surplus production that they want to dispose of. If, however, a business cannot sell its products at home, it is unlikely to be able to do so internationally. There is world of difference between simple exporting, and a proper approach to international marketing. [7] p216-217 For CCC, selling oversea is attractive because it enlarges their market beyond the confines of the nation state. However, there are other benefits too, including: ? Opportunities for growth, higher earning and higher profits. ? The spreading of risk, by reducing dependency upon any one national market. ? The spreading of fix cost across increases sales. ? Competitors’ brand can be attacked in their own home market. ? An CCC competitive edge is sharpened, by it being required to compete with the best in the world. ? The contribution to CCC feel good factor if it succeeds. Conclusion CCC believes to drive the brand to the fullest success it can go. It will adapt to any changes for new products if it requires to society and consumers Sometime for consumer product change is good for international marketing. It is vital that the right product is made to suit consumers’ preference. CCC soft drinks did not appeal to the Japanese market; this meant CCC produced a product that the Japanese, Asian market would prefer. This was Asian tea, English tea, coffee and fermented-milk drink. Coke zero was brought out for the attention of men who where health conscious. Coke zero sounded less feminine like diet coke. CCC has shown that they will continue altering, improving and producing new ideas to attract to local taste. The CCC are always one step ahead of their game with their marketing effort. This has led them to profit throughout the years of developing into a billion dollar company. Their belief of being the best soft drink company worldwide has been their biggest accomplishment. CCC are not only involved with the best advertisement and marketing soft drinks, but also a difference in every corner of the world in which they operate. The Coca-Cola Company strives to go beyond simple marketing and reach into the hearts and lives of consumers. Bibliography [1] (2008). Portfolio. Available: http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/citizenship/portfolio. html. Last accessed 25th Jan 2012. [2] (2012). 125 years of sharing happiness. Available: http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/heritage/pdf/Coca-Cola_125_years_booklet. pdf. Last accessed 1st Feb 201 [3] (2012). Heritage. Available: http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/heritage/ourheritage. html. Last accessed 1st Feb 2012. [4] (2012). Product Line. Available: http://www. hecoca-colacompany. com/brands/brandlist. html. Last accessed 1st Feb 2012 [5] Collin, P (1997). Dictionary of Marketing. 2nd ed. Middlesex: Peter Collins Publishing. p129 [6] Interbrand. (2011). Best Global Brand. Available: http://www. rankingthebrands. com/The-Brand-Rankings. aspx? rankingID=37year=368. Last accessed 1st Feb 2012. [7] Page, S (1995). Introductory Marketing. Cheltenham: Stanley Thorne s LTD. P18- 19, 40, 43,56-58, 72-76, 232-234 [8] Lancaster G Reynolds P (2002). Marketing made simple. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. P14-18, 27-31,38-39, 120-123 How to cite Markerting Concept Coca Cola, Papers

The wars by Timothy Findely is a thought provoking novel Essay Example

The wars by Timothy Findely is a thought provoking novel Essay The wars by Timothy Findely is a thought provoking novel. The novel portrays how Wars effects the lives and minds of ordinary people , it refers not only to the physical combat that takes place during the war but also refers to the internal psychological battles that takes place in the minds of soldiers who suffered from the effects of the violence and inhumanity during the World War 1. The novel reveals the horrors of war through the character of Robert Ross and his relationships with his family, his friends and people he came across in his life. The film adaptation of the novel however lacks in detail as if fails to portray Roberts character, especially through his relation ship with his father whom he considered as a mentor and a role model. The film also missed out the important scenes that show Roberts emotional pain and his distress over the inhumanity of war. The novel reveals the life of Robert Ross through his relationships. The novel from the beginning shows a strong father -son bond between Robert and his father Thomas Ross. The film how ever fails to show any such bond. The novel reveals that Robert always looked up to his father and considered his as a mentor and a role model. The movie dose not show such strong relationship as it dose not have scenes which portray the father and son relationship and described in the novel. Findely shows from the very beginning of the story, demonstrates the strong father-son bond between Robert and his father, Tom. Robert loved and respected his father very much, His father got him through it.(16). However in the movie there is no such reference of this kind. Moreover the film dose not show how much robbers missed his father during the war and when his father shows up in Montreal to pass from hand to hand a revolver and a hamper of food to him , .the sight of his father had lifted his spirits immeasurably(69). The film adaptation of the novel did a very poor job in showing a proper Roberts relationship with is father because of which we never saw an important side of Roberts character. The film also failed to portray a concrete image of Robert in his state of emotional distress and pain. The movie for example did not show how Roberts isolated his self during his training in Alberta. The novel reveals that after his sisters death Robert shunned all kinds of attachments and kept to himself, this is very effectively shown during his training at lethbridge, Alberta he wanted no attachments (28). The movie dose not contains any such scene or any reference to his seclusion, thus leaving out an important part of the novel as it showed how to what extent Rowenas death affected him and how he was dealing with his loss. Also, this is the part of the book where Robert is away from home, alone for the first time and this is directly after Rowenas death. We will write a custom essay sample on The wars by Timothy Findely is a thought provoking novel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The wars by Timothy Findely is a thought provoking novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The wars by Timothy Findely is a thought provoking novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, it helped the reader observe Robertss pain and suffering, the exclusion of this part of the book made it hard for the viewer to see how Robert dealt with his sisters death and how much guilt he had for not keeping his promise with Rowena. The movie as compared to the book seemed to miss out the very essence of the novel. The novel did an excellent job in showing Roberts pain and his reason for joining the army. While in the movie lacks in the detail and expression. The movie did not show Roberts meeting with Eugene Taffler when he was at training. This was also an important part as here Robert meets a man he considers as his role model and begins to admire. This shows that Roberts guilt had full control over him and he was more then willing to leave everything behind and kill hed found the model he could emulate-a man to whom killing wasnt killing at all but only throwing .(35). the exclusion of this scene thus makes it hard for the viewer to see Roberts character and his moti ves for joining the army. The movie also fails to show Roberts fragile state in of mind as when he comes across Eugene Taffler during his lousetown experience. This part although included in the movie failed at its purpose to show Roberts fragile state of mind and his loss of innocence. It did not include the scene where Robert sees Eugene Tafflers different and dark personality and thus did not show his of anger and disappointment as he considered Eugene as role model and wanted to follow his footsteps. The movie did succeed in showing the effects of war over people and suffering it caused. It showed how the soldiers were treated and under what conditions they fought. Nevertheless, it failed to show how the wars affect their state of mind. The novel expressed this part every effectively and was very clear in showing what went through their (soldiers) mind and how they reacted when they faced the reality of War. The movie did not contain any reference this part of the novel, thus failed in its primary objective to show the reality of War and the suffering caused by it.

Prufrock in Progress Essay Example

Prufrock in Progress Essay Example Prufrock in Progress Essay Prufrock in Progress Essay 126). Videnov also analyzes the internal and external influences on J. Alfred Prufrock’s psyche. The internal conflict that J. Alfred Prufrock exhibits throughout his love song is evident in his lack of self-confidence that leads to a feeling of disconnection with the human population. On one hand, Prufrock expresses the desire to cultivate a relationship with the external world, or a lover; yet on the other hand, he lets his insecurities define him and refuses to let himself engage in relationships with other people. Videnov explains this by describing Prufrock’s quest, â€Å"a quest for belonging, the examination of which could yield the message of the poem and the ultimately optimistic idea of love, as the title suggests, lurking behind the apparently tragic finale,† (Videnov, Valentin A. , 126). This statement establishes the irony in the desire to fulfill a journey of love, yet the inevitable misery Prufrock lives. The psychoanalytical dynamic of the ego and the true self is brought through in Prufrock’s character. T. S. Eliot repeatedly uses the pronouns, â€Å"you and I,† to describe this relationship of the ego and true self that Prufrock experiences. In the interpretation of Human Voices in Silent Seas: A Reading on Eliot’s Love Song, Videnov declares that these two entities are both representative of J. Alfred Prufrock himself. â€Å"You† represents the public face of Alfred J. Prufrock, the ego; and â€Å"I† represents the true self, the self that wants to be expressed but is prevented by Prufrock’s fear and insecurity. The opposing characters within Prufrock are further extended through the symbols of afternoon and evening. The imagery of afternoon is a representation of the light, the desire to express, and the need for connection. The evening represents a darkness, or comfort in the habitual pattern of the introverted mind and it’s self-destructive thoughts. Prufrock expresses his mental state when he says, ‘the evening sleeps so peacefully. † (Gwynn 624) In saying this, Prufrock is confirming within himself his comfort in the thought pattern of darkness. This leads him to question, â€Å"Would it have been worthwhile? † (Gwynn 625), referring to the desired human connection he wants deep down. He truly believes that expression of the self and what he, as an individual has to say and share, are not going to be acc epted by others. Because of his fear of expression, the singer sings a song of love, but predominately and more ironically, a song of sadness. He has continued his pattern of introversion to such an extreme that he suffers from continual loneliness and disassociation. He proves this dissociation when he ends the poem with an insight of his fantasy world of mermaids where he retreats, when he is lonely. He looks upon the beautiful creatures in awe of their unifying world; yet won’t even allow himself to be happy in his fantasy. He states this saying, â€Å"I do not think that they will sing to me,† (Gwynn 625). This prevents him from dreaming himself to a healthy and loving relationship with himself, or anyone else. The lines â€Å"let us go† (Gwynn 622) used repeatedly are incredibly significant in this poem. Us† being the internal representation of the two conflicting sides that exist within Prufrock, as he yearns for release of this horrible cycle. What J. Alfred Prufrock does not understand is that every individual goes through this experience of questioning self worth. The underlying ironic theme of this poem is the relation of the reader to Prufrock himself. This is a cry of the main character to emerge from the inn er seclusion that he feels – a bonding of the afternoon and evening, the light and dark, inner and outer; a battle for the merging of duality to become a union. In â€Å"an overwhelming question† in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by Xue, the main question that J. Alfred Prufrock is consistently in conflict with is whether or not to reveal his true self. Prufrock’s dueling character is established through the language of the poem. The internal conflict of Prufrock is addressed through repetitive language. â€Å"Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disillusionment with society, but fears rejection. † (Xue 79). This fear causes his misery. Prufrock’s character is dominated by his uncertainty. The repetition of the lines, â€Å"there will be time,† (Gwynn 622) pose irony in the poem. Prufrock is hopeful that he will be able to truly open up to the world in time, yet currently; he is perpetuating his cycle of loneliness by assuming that these desires will naturally unfold without regarded effort. Xue states this in saying, â€Å"The phrase ‘There will be time,’ repeated five times between lines 23 and 36, represents his hesitation and delay, in order to conceal his inner anxiety to the world,† (Xue 80). Essentially, Prufrock is only happy when he is alone with his thoughts because there are no external influences to judge him, yet this is also his cause of misery. Irony is also addressed in the â€Å"you and I† (Gwynn 621) characterization of Prufrock. Xue states the psychoanalytical interpretation of these pronouns, â€Å"In the poem, Prufrock is divided in two selves. One is persuading Prufrock to ask the ‘overwhelming question’, while the other is trying to prevent it,† (Xue 82). Prufrock’s soul really desires is the opposite of what it endures. At the root of his inability to express is his insecurity. Prufrock asks, â€Å"Do I dare Disturb the Universe? † (Gywnn 623) which is direct evidence that Prufrock has serious lack of self-confidence. J. Alfred directly articulates his anxiety about interaction by describing his unappealing physical attributes. He quivers in the thought, â€Å"With a bald spot in the middle of my hair- ‘They will say: ‘How his hair is growing thin! ’† (Gwynn 623). This statement is directly in connection with Prufrock’s physical insecurity, as well as his emotional insecurity because of his self-image. He uses this as an excuse for his anti-social behavior. He manifests this negative expression of self by bolding stating that if he were to share with another he would, â€Å"Die with a dying fall,† (Gywnn 623). This self-conscious attitude and fear of being mocked for this truth is the entire reason for J. Alfred Prufrock’s cyclical misery. He does not love himself; therefore, he cannot find or receive or the love of another. If he never learns to share his truth, he will never understand the beauty of human connection. The reality of how much Prufrock shares about himself is shown in the line, â€Å"To prepare to meet the faces that you meet; to murder to create,† (Gwynn 622). The real self or â€Å"I†, as Videnov described in Human Voices in Silent Seas, is lost or â€Å"murdered† in society to â€Å"create† a false self or alter ego that functions in society. Another line stating this ego-oriented society and repeating the symbol of darkness reads, â€Å"the evening spread out against the sky,† (Gwynn 622) which refers to the apparent darkness of all humans all hidden under the masks of ego. Yet, if J. Alfred Prufrock understands this is a battle of every individual, he would be able to relate. In conclusion, it is J. Alfred Prufrock’s choice to live in misery. If he were open to see himself as a mirror image of others he would realize that every individual has insecurities of their own. Therefore, I agree with scholars Videnov and Xue in the psychoanalytical approach to J. Alfred Prufrock battling with his own ego versus the exploration and expression of his true self. If he deemed himself worthy of external expression then he would finally be able to share in love with himself and in turn, the rest of humanity. Gwynn, R. S. Literature: A Pocket Anthology. 5th. New York: Pearson Education, Inc. , 2012. 21-625. Print. Videnov, Valentin A. Human Voices In Silent Seas: A Reading Of Eliots Love Song. Explicator 67. 2 (2009): 126-130. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. Sistani, Roohollah Reesi. Internal Anxieties And Conflicts In The LOVE SONG Of J. ALFRED PRUFROCK. European Journal Of Social Science 17. 4 (2010): 478-489. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. Xue, Haiqin. On An Overwhelming Question' In The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock. Canadian Social Science 5. 2 (2009): 79-82. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.

Biography of Charles Dickens, English Novelist

Biography of Charles Dickens, English Novelist Charles Dickens (February 7, 1812–June 9, 1870) was a popular English novelist of the Victorian era, and to this day he remains a giant in British literature. Dickens wrote numerous books that are now considered classics, including David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and Great Expectations. Much of his work was inspired by the difficulties he faced in childhood as well as social and economic problems in Victorian Britain. Fast Facts: Charles Dickens Known For: Dickens was the popular author of Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and other classics.Born: February 7, 1812 in Portsea, EnglandParents: Elizabeth and John DickensDied: June 9, 1870 in Higham, EnglandPublished Works: Oliver Twist (1839), A Christmas Carol (1843), David Copperfield (1850), Hard Times (1854), Great Expectations (1861)Spouse: Catherine Hogarth (m. 1836–1870)Children: 10 Early Life Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsea, England. His father had a job working as a pay clerk for the British Navy, and the Dickens family, by the standards of the day, should have enjoyed a comfortable life. But his fathers spending habits got them into constant financial difficulties. When Charles was 12, his father was sent to debtors prison, and Charles was forced to take a job in a factory that made shoe polish known as blacking. Life in the blacking factory for the bright 12-year-old was an ordeal. He felt humiliated and ashamed, and the year or so he spent sticking labels on jars would be a profound influence on his life. When his father managed to get out of debtors prison, Charles was able to resume his sporadic schooling. However, he was forced to take a job as an office boy at the age of 15. By his late teens, he had learned stenography and landed a job as a reporter in the London courts. By the early 1830s, he was reporting for two London newspapers. Early Career Dickens aspired to break away from newspapers and become an independent writer, and he began writing sketches of life in London. In 1833 he began submitting them to a magazine, The Monthly. He would later recall how he submitted his first manuscript, which he said was dropped stealthily one evening at twilight, with fear and trembling, into a dark letter box, in a dark office, up a dark court in Fleet Street. When the sketch hed written, titled A Dinner at Poplar Walk, appeared in print, Dickens was overjoyed. The sketch appeared with no byline, but soon he began publishing items under the pen name Boz. The witty and insightful articles Dickens wrote became popular, and he was eventually given the chance to collect them in a book. Sketches by Boz first appeared in early 1836, when Dickens had just turned 24. Buoyed by the success of his first book, he married Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of a newspaper editor. He settled into a new life as a family man and an author. Rise to Fame Sketches by Boz was so popular that the publisher commissioned a sequel, which appeared in 1837. Dickens was also approached to write the text to accompany a set of illustrations, and that project turned into his first novel, The Pickwick Papers, which was published in installments from 1836 to 1837. This book was followed by Oliver Twist, which appeared in 1839. Dickens became amazingly productive. Nicholas Nickleby was written in 1839, and The Old Curiosity Shop in 1841. In addition to these novels, Dickens was turning out a steady stream of articles for magazines. His work was incredibly popular. Dickens was able to create remarkable characters, and his writing often combined comic touches with tragic elements. His empathy for working people and for those caught in unfortunate circumstances made readers feel a bond with him. As his novels appeared in serial form, the reading public was often gripped with anticipation. The popularity of Dickens spread to America, and there were stories told about how Americans would greet British ships at the docks in New York to find out what had happened next in Dickens latest novel. Visit to America Capitalizing on his international fame, Dickens visited the United States in 1842 when he was 30 years old. The American public was eager to greet him, and he was treated to banquets and celebrations during his travels. In New England, Dickens visited the factories of Lowell, Massachusetts, and in New York City he was taken to the see the Five Points, the notorious and dangerous slum on the Lower East Side. There was talk of him visiting the South, but as he was horrified by the idea of slavery he never went south of Virginia. Upon returning to England, Dickens wrote an account of his American travels which offended many Americans. A Christmas Carol In 1842, Dickens wrote another novel, Barnaby Rudge. The following year, while writing the novel Martin Chuzzlewit, Dickens visited the industrial city of Manchester, England. He addressed a gathering of workers, and later he took a long walk and began to think about writing a Christmas book that would be a protest against the profound economic inequality he saw in Victorian England. Dickens published A Christmas Carol in December 1843, and it became one of his most enduring works. Dickens traveled around Europe during the mid-1840s. After returning to England, he published five new novels: Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House, Hard Times, and Little Dorrit. By the late 1850s, Dickens was spending more time giving public readings. His income was enormous, but so were his expenses, and he often feared he would be plunged back into the sort of poverty he had known as a child. Later Life Epics/Getty Images Charles Dickens, in middle age, appeared to be on top of the world. He was able to travel as he wished, and he spent summers in Italy. In the late 1850s, he purchased a mansion, Gads Hill, which he had first seen and admired as a child. Despite his worldly success, though, Dickens was beset by problems. He and his wife had a large family of 10 children, but the marriage was often troubled. In 1858, a personal crisis turned into a public scandal when Dickens left his wife and apparently began a secretive affair with actress Ellen Nelly Ternan, who was only 19 years old. Rumors about his private life spread. Against the advice of friends, Dickens wrote a letter defending himself, which was printed in newspapers in New York and London. For the last 10 years of his life, Dickens was often estranged from his children, and his relationships with old friends suffered. Though he hadnt enjoyed his tour of America in 1842, Dickens returned in late 1867. He was again welcomed warmly, and large crowds flocked to his public appearances. He toured the East Coast of the United States for five months. He returned to England exhausted, yet continued to embark on more reading tours. Though his health was failing, the tours were lucrative, and he pushed himself to keep appearing onstage. Death Dickens planned a new novel for publication in serial form. The Mystery of Edwin Drood began appearing in April 1870. On June 8, 1870, Dickens spent the afternoon working on the novel before suffering a stroke at dinner. He died the next day. The funeral for Dickens was modest, and praised, according to a New York Times article, as being in keeping with the democratic spirit of the age. Dickens was accorded a high honor, however, as he was buried in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey, near other literary figures such as Geoffrey Chaucer, Edmund Spenser, and Dr. Samuel Johnson. Legacy The importance of Charles Dickens in English literature remains enormous. His books have never gone out of print, and they are widely read to this day. As the works lend themselves to dramatic interpretation, numerous plays, television programs, and feature films based on them continue to appear. Sources Kaplan, Fred. Dickens: a Biography. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Tomalin, Claire. Charles Dickens: a Life. Penguin Press, 2012.

The Broadway Cafe Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Broadway Cafe - Case Study Example One of the major significances of Porter’s five forces model is its ability to predict even the future challenges and opportunities of an organization. â€Å"Porter's 5 Forces tool is a powerful tool for understanding where power lies in a business situation because it helps you understand both the strength of your current competitive position, and the strength of a position you're considering moving into† (Porter’s Five Forces, 2011) According to Michael Porter, Threat of new entrants, bargaining power of supplier, bargaining power of buyers, threats of substitute products, industry rivalry or competition etc are the five forces which shapes the present and future of an organization. (Porter’s Five Forces Model, 2009). The figure given below illustrates the Porter’s five forces theory. (Porter’s Five Forces Model, 2009) In the given case study, Broadway cafe is struggling to survive in the current business climate, even though they had good business and reputation in the past. This is entirely because of the lack of modernizations undertaken in Broadway Cafe based on the changing trends in business and management. Broadway cafe is trying to operate their business with their older management and business methods which were big successes in the past. However, such older methods may not be successful at present because of the changing needs and life styles of the current customers. This paper analyses the given Broadway Cafe case study based on Porter’s five forces model and provide some suggestions for the rebuilding process of Broadway Cafe for the twenty first century. Analysis of Broadway Cafe with respect to Porter’s Five Forces Model According to Porter, substitute products are one of the major challenges for a product manufacturer or service provider. In his opinion, substitutes are those products which can offer a real alternative to a particular product. The Broadway cafe offers many different kinds of specialized coffees, teas, a full service bakery, and homemade sandwiches, soups, salads etc. All these products offered by Broadway cafe had a unique taste and identity in the food market earlier. However, the entry of new recipes and other food items caused big problems to Broadway cafe in recent times. The traditional food habits changed a lot and instead of the conventional restaurant or cafe items, fast foods conquered the food markets at present. Instead of nutritious people started to attract towards food items which offered greater tastes and convenience in usage. For example, the traditional food items like the Broadway’s homemade sandwiches, soups, salads etc have given way for fast food items from KFC, McDonald’s etc because of the greater tastes offered by these items. Threat of new entrants is the second factor which may affect the business of an organization according to Porter. Globalization and Liberalization have brought many new business groups to America and a substantial number of such new entrants are the restaurant groups from different countries. America is a country in which different people from different parts of the world are working and staying together. This diverse population may have their own preferences for food items and hence new food services companies find immense opportunities in America at present. It is easy for a foreign company to establish businesses in America at present because of the liberalized norms for establishing a business. Under such circumstances, Broadway cafe cannot survive in the market with the help of their traditional

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Paper Example This depicts that instructors are not utilizing appropriate mechanisms to enhance knowledge comprehension and retention, as well as the techniques that stimulate learners’ interest in academics. This dissertation scrutinizes the quandary of academic reforms, the various facets that it possesses, as well as some of the suggested modifications (Futrell, p. 1). Varied individuals suggest differing resolutions to the problem of academic restructuring in America. Additionally, there have been innumerable transformations of the current structure of American education since instigation. The main quandary is defining the perfect system of organizing and delivering of knowledge in academic institutions. This quandary is because of having varied ideologies on education from reformists, as well as scholars. In addition, politicians also add to the misunderstanding that surrounds defining the ideal structure of education that is worth implementing. Most politicians voice what they perceiv e as the anticipation of voters. Therefore, it is also debatable whether it is appropriate to embrace their ideologies. Moreover, there is a universal conviction in the global community, which is extremely beneficial, that education is an imperative resource that is crucial to participate in life’s triumphs. ... Furthermore, there is immense significance in defining the ideal structure of an academic system to settle the quandary of educational modification with a vivid objective in mind. Moreover, modifying education is transforming the manner of depiction of information to learners. Thus, it is the obligation of educationalists and policy creators to determine the ideal mechanism to convey information to learners, as well as the appropriate amount of information at every level of academics. Additionally, it is crucial to comprehend that modification of a single strategy that, in turn, affects a single facet of education does not amount in an ideal academic structure. However, it is also extremely intricate to suggest that there is one individual or committee that can create an ideal academic structure. Criticisms will always arise, but it is significant to create an academic structure that optimally integrates the most productive strategies. Moreover, there are reformists who raise the iss ue of implementation of multicultural mechanism of education. However, there is also a quandary in defining an academic structure that is multicultural. The advocates of this ideology have some scopes of interest such as open-mindedness, ethics amongst other ideologies. The suggestion of educational modification with regard to multiculturalism in America commenced in the 1960’s. This was due the surfacing of public rights associations, but the coining of the terminology â€Å"multicultural academics† had not occurred. The basis for multicultural structure of academics was the ideology that it was necessary for the U.S to revisit its endeavour of educating diverse affiliations. Moreover, in this epoch,

Spirituality and The Second Coming Essay -- Second

Spirituality and The Second Coming      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his eloquent poem "The Second Coming" William Butler Yeats uses word choice and phrase combinations to convey to the reader an understanding of his sentiment of impossibility concerning the fate of spirituality for the human race. His inner conscious is spread out in the poem for the reader to either accompany him in his darkness or to turn their back and continue to believe in their own form of hopefulness in spirituality.    Yeats cleverly hints to the reader his despair in the phrase, "Turning and turning in the widening gyre" (Yeats, Longman p. 2329: 1.). The reader can hear the voice of the poet describing his journey farther and farther from his once cherished center based on religion. His beliefs have been shattered over time. According to the introduction in The Longman Anthology British Literature, "The 1890's in London were heady times for a young poet. Yeats became even more active in his studies of the occult" which was years before he wrote The Second Coming. This interest may have led the poet away from his former religious values. It is possible that because of this turn away from religion the author's basic value system may have been in turmoil at the time of writing The Second Coming.    Yeats drifting away from his religious beliefs may be evidenced in the phrase, "The falcon cannot hear the falconer" which could be interpreted as he can no longer hear the voice of his former God (Yeats, 2). The falcon in this sentence may refer to Yeats himself and the falconer may symbolize his former God. When the author writes, "the center cannot hold" he may be referring to his idea that organized religion can no longer give credence or explanation to his wor... ...s of the words written by Yeats and their possible meanings, the poetry written can surely be considered worthy of placement in the literary cannon not only for the beauty of the work then for the author's ability to raise questions for generations to come.    Works Cited Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism. New Jersey. Prentice Hall, 1999. Conrad, Joseph. "Heart of Darkness" The Longman Anthology British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch. Longman. New York. 2000. 2190-2246. Damrosch, David, et al., ed.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature: Vol. B.   Compact ed.   New York: Longman - Addison Wesley Longman, 2000. Scott, Paul. The Jewel in the Crown. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1976. Yeats, William, Butler. "The Second Coming." The Longman Anthology British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch. Longman. New York. 2000. 2329.

Clinical vs Counseling Psychology Essay

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the primary goals of a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist, explain perspectives on treatment similar and how are they different, and discuss the educational requirements for each. This paper will also discuss what type of setting are we likely to find each, identify which professional association each would be affiliated with as well as which Code of Ethics regulates each professional and explain the advantages and disadvantages to each of these professions. Primary Goals of Clinical Psychologist Assessment – This includes interviewing, observation and testing; all clinical psychologists need to be thoroughly trained in this area and should be able to choose the correct type of testing/method when conducting this with the client. They test such things as intellect, cognitive processes, and social functioning along with this, being able to interpret the test is also essential to clinical psychologist (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Diagnosis – As well as being able to conduct test, a major role also includes the ability to diagnosis using multiple models (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Intervention – Giving the client the inner strength to acclimatize themselves to change and gain a sense of power in everyday living (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Research – The ability to implement and conduct different programs both basic and applied. This is a fundamental function of clinical psychologist in both clinical and academic formats (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Consultation/Program Development – Working with peers who work with clients, interacting with peers, contributing their services for the bettering of the program, and obtaining supervision (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Clinical psychologists have a skill set which provides a much needed service to society. They use it by practicing, creating and evaluating applied and scientific skills (Vallis & Howes, 1996). Primary Goals of Counseling Psychologist Some goals include expounding on the overall mental aspect when working with families, communities, and individuals. Working with those individuals in distress and experiencing troubling times in areas such as family,  relationships, making decisions, life events and career moves just to name a few (Bedi et al, 2011). Their goal is to be well informed with how humans think, feel, their personal life, sexual relations, and even recreational activity to name a few. The counselor’s job is to expose the inadequacies and provide a remedy that will correct those issues (Watkins, 1983). Educational Requirement for Clinical Psychologist To be called a â€Å"clinical psychologist† one first would have to obtain a doctorate then become licensed in the state you want to practice in. The two types of degrees are PhD, which focuses more on research and PsyD which places emphasis on the applied facet of clinical psychology (Sternberg, 2007). Educational Requirement for Counseling Psychologist To obtain this â€Å"title† one must complete the required and accepted doctorial degree, complete a minimal of two years in what is called â€Å"supervised practice† and apply to be licensed in the state(s) you choose to practice in (Kuther & Morgan, 2009). Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages – The following advantages are from a psychology forum. (1) Being of help is self-fulfilling (2) You can set your own work schedule (3) You have the opportunity to make a lot of money (4) You can be self employed. (5) Psychologists have the opportunity to touch countless of lives (Cherry, n.d). Disadvantages –The following disadvantages are from a psychology forum. (1) Issues with insurance and billing (2) Difficulty setting up your independent business (3) Working with clients can be challenging. (4) Psychologists have rough and complex work hours. (5) You spend devoted time to recruiting new clients (Cherry, n.d). References Bedi, R. P., Haverkamp, B. E., Beatch, R., Cave, D. G., Domene, J. F., Harris, G. E., & Mikhail, A. (2011). Counselling psychology in a canadian context: Definition and description. Canadian Psychology, 52(2), 128-138. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/870506935?accountid=39364 Cherry, K. (n.d.). Advantages of Being a Psychologist. Psychology – Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Retrieved August 5, 2013, from http://psychology.about.com/od/careersinpsychology/tp/psychologist-advantages.htm Cherry, K. (n.d.). Disadvantages of Being a Psychologist – What’s the Worst Part About Being a Psychologist. Psychology – Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts.Retrieved August 5, 2013, from http://psychology.about.com/od/careersinpsychology/tp/psychologist-disadvantages.htm Kuther, T. L., & Morgan, R. D. (2009). Careers in psychology, opportunities in a changing world. (3rd ed. ed.). Boston: Wadsworth Pub Co. Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Career paths in psychology. Washingtion, DC: American Psychological Association. Vallis, T. M., & Howes, J. L. (1996). The field of clinical psychology: Arriving at a definition. Canadian Psychology, 37(2), 120-127. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/220807484?accountid=39364 Watkins, C. E. (1983). Counseling psychology versus clinical psychology: Further explorations on a theme or once more around the â€Å"identity† maypole with gusto . The Counseling Psychologist, 11(4), 76-92. d oi: 10.1177/0011000083114012

Should Law Improve Morality Essay - 1291 Words

In â€Å"Should law improve morality?† Leslie Green argues, firstly, that law is capable of having causal impact on the nature of social morality and, secondly, that one of the functions of law should be the betterment of morality. In maintaining that the law ought to be intimately connected to morality, it appears as though Green is advocating for a modern version of the natural law perspective. After first giving an account of natural law, this paper will explicate Green s distinction between â€Å"ideal† and â€Å"social† morality. This distinction allows him to assert that morality can be changed without violating basic intuitions about the metaphysics of moral principles, and allows him to escape the objection to natural law which refers to the diversity in moral rules found across societies. An objection to Green s argument for the causal efficacy of law on morality and his response will then be examined. Finally, his argument for why law ought to be used t o improve morality, regardless of how slow or indirect these changes might be, will be expounded and analyzed. Ultimately, it will be argued that Green is correct to assert that the law can (and should) influence morality, but that he overestimates the amount of choice involved when a society accomplishes this feat. Boyd (2015) describes the natural law perspective as stating that there is a necessary connection between morality and law, whereby the content of the law conforms to morality (p. 9). Although it is certain thatShow MoreRelatedReligion And Religious Laws On Religion975 Words   |  4 Pagesnature. This because we as humans are consider as mammals and animals as well Although there are many positive views of religion there are also many negative aspects to religious laws. For centuries, religion has put limits on its followers by denying their passions for many reasons. 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